Verbs that are used only in simple tenses

Verbs that are used only in simple tenses

بعضی از افعال هستند که فقط در زمان حال ساده به کار برده میشوند.برای مثال شما نمی توانید بگویید”I am knowing”

اما می توانید بگویید”I know”   در زیر لیستی از این گونه افعال را قرار داده ام اما در بین آنها اثتسناهایی وجود دارند:

Prefer	Need	Want
Hate	Love	Like
Hear	See	Belong
Believe	Realize	Know
Understand	Mean	Suppose
Seem	Forget	Remember

                                                Do you like Rome? (Not are you liking)

                                                He doesn’t understand the problem. (Not he is not understanding)

                                                These shoes belong to me. (Not are belonging)

                                                What do you think Tom will do? (= What do you believe Tom will do?)

                                                Do you have a car? (not are you having)

                                    But:    What are you thinking about? (=what is going in your mind?)

Will or going to?

Willو going to را برای کارهایی که میخواهیم در آینده انجام بدهیم به کار می بریم اما یک تفاوت آشکار بین آنها وجود دارد:

Will را زمانی به کار میبریم که در انگلیسی اصطلاحی داریم at the time of speaking کاری را تصمیم بگیریم تا انجام بدیم.مثلا:

Helen: my bike has a flat tire.

Can you fix it?           

Father: OK, but I can’t do it now. I will fix it tomorrow.

قبل از اینکه هلن به پدرش بگوید دوچرخه اش پنجر شده است پدرش از آن اطلاع نداشت.بعد از اینکه از پنجر شدن دوچرخه اطلاع پیدا میکند تصمیم میگیرد که فردا درستش کند.

و اما going to  را زمانی به کار میبریم که از قبل, تصمیم گرفته ایم کاری را آینده انجام بدیم.مثلا:

Mother: Can YOU FIX Helen’s bike. It has a flat tire.

Father: yes I know. she told me. I am going to fix it tomorrow.

Present continues ( I am doing)

 Aبه مثال زیر توجه کنید:

Ann is in her car. She is on her way to work.

She is driving to work now, at the time of speaking.

Driving.	I am (=I’m)
Driving.	He/she/it is (=he’s, ECT.)
Driving.	We/they/you are (=we’re, ECT.)

حال ساده را زمانی به کار میبریم وقتی که درباره چیزی صحبت میکنیم که در حال حاضر به وقوع می پیوندد.مثلا من دارم درس میخوانم و درست در همان زمانیکه من درس میخوانم برادرم با صدای بلند به موسیقی گوش میدهد.به مثالهای زیر توجه کنید:

Please don’t make so much noise. I am studying (not I study)

Where’s Peggy?” she’s taking a bath. (Not she takes)

Let’s go out. it isn’t raining anymore.

(At a party)Hi, Peg. Are you enjoying the party?

حالت دیگری نیزوجود دارد با خواندن مثال زیر متوجه خواهید شد.

Tom and Ann are talking and having coffi.Tom said: I am reading an interesting book at the moment. I will lend it to you when I’ve finished.

تام در حین اینکه با آنی حرف میزند کتاب را نمیخواند.منظور این است که کتابی را شروع به مطالعه کرده و هنوز آن را به پایان نرسانده است.در اینجا به مثالهای دیگری در این مورد اشاره میکنم:

Peggy is studying English at a language school. (Not studies)

Have you heard about Brain? He is building his own house.

مثالهای دیگر:

You’re working hard today.” Yes I have a lot to do”

Tom isn’t playing football this seasen.

همچنین وقتی از این زمان استفاده  میکنیم که حالت چیزی عوض میشود.مثلا :انگلیسی من روز به روز بهتر میشود.

My English is getting better and better.

The population of the word is rising very fast. (Not rises)

کاربرد get

Get with adjectives: for changes 

کاربرد get باصفت:

مثال:در نظر بگیرید شخصی مریض است.بعد از مدتی استراحت حالش رو به بهبود است.بعد از چند روز کاملا حالش خوب میشود.

She’s ill. She’s getting better. She’s better. /she’s well.  

به مثالهای دیگر توجه کنید:

It’s light.  It’s getting dark.  It’s dark.

I’m getting tired. I want to go to bed.

It’s raining. I’m getting wet.

Get with nouns

کاربد get با اسم:

مثال:من میخوام یه کارت پستال برای دوستم بفرستم.باید تمبر بگیرم.

I want to send a post card to my friend. I have to get a stamp.    

مثالهای دیگر در این مورد:

I’ve finished my studies. Now I want to get a job.

I’m going to the shop to get a newspaper.

Where can I get a taxi?

My friend is ill. Please get a doctor.

Get to (arrive at/ reach a place)

How can get to the airport?

When you get New York, please call me.

take

کاربرد و معانی مختلف take :

Take with (it+time+person+time)

It takes Jack 45 minutes to get to work.

It takes me 10 minutes to get to school.

I do homework every day. It took me 3 hours yesterday.

How long does it take to get to the station? 15 minutes in taxi.

Take with courses/exams, etc.

Are you taking an English cours? Yes.

Do you have to take an exam? Yes, at the end of the course.

I want to take some French lessons.

Take with bus, car, etc.

How do you go to work? I take the bus.

In Paris you can take the metro to the Eiffel Tower.

Take something with you

Its raining, take an umbrella.

Sorry, you can’t take your camera into the museum.

Can I take a photograph here?

یک نکته بسیار مهم

همیشه به خاطر داشته باشید به هیچ وجه فعل را ing دار  با Let  به کار نمی بریم.به مثال زیر توجه کنید:

 Let’s Learning English  این جمله به هیچ وجه صحیح نمیباشد.فرم صحیح این جمله به صورت زیر میباشد:

Let’s Learn English

به مثالهای دیگر توجه کنید:

       Let’s go fishing       let’s play tennis      let’s go out         let’s get something to eat

have

سلام

درس این جلسه در باره ی پاره ای از افعال است که معانی متفاوتی را دارند.مانند have,take,do,get و ... . درس امروز درباره ی have است.

A      what can you have?

You can have…

1        have lunch

2        have a party

3        have a lesson

4        have a cup of tea/coffee 

5         have a shower

 B     other things that you can have

	example	Other things
1	lunch	Dinner      breakfast       a meal       something to eat
2	A party	A meeting     a competition        a game(of football/chess/cards)
3	A lesson	An exam      homework        an appointment(with the doctor)
4	Tea/coffee	A drink       a sandwich       an ice-cream        some cheese
5	A shower	A bath        a swim              a sauna

C     expressions with have

Is that your camera? Can I have a look? (=look at it)

Is that your bicycle? Can I have a ride? (=ride it)

Goodbye! Have a good journey! (=somebody is going away)

Do you have a moment? (=have some time) can I have a word with you? (=speak to you)

We always have a good time in our English lessons.(=fun, we enjoy them)

I’m going to have my hair cut. See you later. Can you meet me at the hairdresser’s?

I want to learn ski but I don’t have the time.

D      have + got (speaking/informal) = have (writing/formal)

I’ve got three sisters. Have you got any brothers and sisters?

My house is big. It’s got five bedrooms three bathrooms.

We’ve got ten minutes before the rain goes.

Have you got a pen?

I’ve got a problem. Can I have a word with you?

I’ve got a cold.

E         have to

The museum is not free. You have to pay $10 to go in.

All the students have to do the exam.

I haven’t got a car so I have to walk to work every day.