If and wish sentences (past)

Study this example situation: این مثال را بخوانید

Last month Ann was sick. Tom didn’t know this, and he didn’t go to see her. They met again after Ann got better. Tom said:

If I had known that you were sick, I would have gone to see you.

The real situation was that Tom didn’t know Ann was sick. So he says if I had known... When you are talking about the past, you use the past perfect (I had done/I had been/I had known, etc.) after if.

• If I had seen you when you passed me in the street, I would have said hello. (but I didn’t see you)

• I would have gone out if I hadn’t been so tired. (but I was too tired)

• If he had been looking where he was going, he wouldn’t have walked into the wall. (but he wasn’t looking)

Do not use would (have) in the If part of the sentence:

• If I had seen you, I would have said hello (not it I would have seen)

• If I’d seen (= had seen) you, I’d have said (= would have said) hello.

Use the past perfect (I had done) after wish when you say that you regret something

Happened or didn’t happen in the past: بعد از wish   ماضی بعید استفاده کنید برای بیان چیزی که در گذشته اتفاق نیفتاده است و یا اتفاق افتاده و شما برای اینکه اتفاق نیفتاده ناراحت هستید.

• I wish I had known that Ann was sick. I would have gone to see her. (I didn’t know that she was sick.)

• I feel sick. I wish I hadn’t eaten so much. (I ate too much.)

• Do you wish you had studied science instead of languages? (You didn’t study science.)

• The weather was terrible. I wish it had been warmer. (It wasn’t warm.)

 You cannot use would have after wish:

• I wish it had been warmer. (Not would have been)

Might have and could have are possible instead of would have:

• If we’d played better, we might have won. (= perhaps we would have won)

• We could have gone out if the weather hadn’t been so had. (= we would have been able to go out)

If sentences (present/future)

Compare these exaples:

Tom: I think I left my lighter at your house.Have you seen it?

Peggy: No, but I will look.If I find it , I will give it to you.

In this example there is a real possible that  Peggy will find the ligher. So she says If I find….

 

Debbie: If I found 1000$ on the street , I would keep it.

This is a different type of situation.  

در مثال اولی Peggy  به احتمال زیاد (It is possible that …)  فندک Tom را پیدا کنه.ولی در مثال دومی Debbie  تصور می کنه اگر 1000$ پول پبدا کنه با اون چیکار میکنه.به این نکته توجه کنید تصور میکنه که اگه چنین چیزی برای او پیش بیاد چیکار خواهد کرد.

When we imagine a future happening like this, we use a past tence form (did/came/found,etc) after if, but the meaning is not past:

Peggy wouln’t lend me any money If I asked her.

What would you do if you won a million dollars?

 

We do not use would in the if part of the sentece:

I’d be very frightened if someone pointed a gun at em. (not if someone would..)

 

Sometimes it is possibile to to say if…would when you ask someone in a formal way.

از کسی رسمی چیزی را در خواست میکنید:

I would be very grateful if you would send me you brochure and price list as soon as possibile.

 

You can also use could and might:

They might be angry if I did not visit them.

If it stopped raining we could go out.

Cheerio.

سلام.
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