Already and All ready
Already is an adverb of time, meaning” by now”, “sooner than excepted.” All ready simply means the same as all + ready. Compare:
“When’s Jane coming?” she’s already arrived.
“Are you all ready?” “No, Pete isn’t.”
Affect and Effect
Affect is a verb. It means”cause a change in” or “influence”.
The cold weather affected everybody’s work.
Effect is usually a noun meaning”result” or “change”. The expression have an effect on is similar to affect. Compare:
The wave seriously affected petrol prices.
The wave had a serious effect on petrol prices.
In a formal style, effect can be also used as a verb, meaning “carry out”, “ cause” to happen.
We did not effect much improvement in sales last year.
The main units of numbers in English are:
1 |
10 |
100 |
1000 |
1000000 |
1000000000 |
one |
ten |
hundred |
thousand |
million |
billion |
Here is a list of numbers. On the left are normal or "cardinal" numbers. On the right are "ordinal" numbers, which we use to define a thing's position in a series.
Cardinal Number |
Ordinal Number | ||
0 |
zero, nought |
|
|
1 |
one |
1st |
first |
2 |
two |
2nd |
second |
3 |
three |
3rd |
third |
4 |
four |
4th |
fourth |
5 |
five |
5th |
fifth |
6 |
six |
6th |
sixth |
7 |
seven |
7th |
seventh |
8 |
eight |
8th |
eighth |
9 |
nine |
9th |
ninth |
10 |
ten |
10th |
tenth |
11 |
eleven |
11th |
eleventh |
12 |
twelve |
12th |
twelfth |
13 |
thirteen |
13th |
thirteenth |
14 |
fourteen |
14th |
fourteenth |
15 |
fifteen |
15th |
fifteenth |
16 |
sixteen |
16th |
sixteenth |
17 |
seventeen |
17th |
seventeenth |
18 |
eighteen |
18th |
eighteenth |
19 |
nineteen |
19th |
nineteenth |
20 |
twenty |
20th |
twentieth |
21 |
twenty-one |
21st |
twenty-first |
22 |
twenty-two |
22nd |
twenty-second |
23 |
twenty-three |
23rd |
twenty-third |
24 |
twenty-four |
24th |
twenty-fourth |
30 |
thirty |
30th |
thirtieth |
31 |
thirty-one |
31st |
thirty-first |
40 |
forty |
40th |
fortieth |
50 |
fifty |
50th |
fiftieth |
60 |
sixty |
60th |
sixtieth |
70 |
seventy |
70th |
seventieth |
80 |
eighty |
80th |
eightieth |
90 |
ninety |
90th |
ninetieth |
100 |
hundred |
100th |
hundredth |
101 |
hundred and one |
101st |
hundred and first |
152 |
hundred and fifty-two |
152nd |
hundred and fifty-second |
200 |
two hundred |
200th |
two hundredth |
1,000 |
thousand |
1,000th |
thousandth |
1,000,000 |
million |
1,000,000th |
millionth |
1,000,000,000 |
billion |
1,000,000,000th |
billionth |
| |
|
Note that in English, we usually separate the digits of numbers over 999 with a comma (,). We count 3 digits from the right and insert a comma, like this:
|
|
< |
- |
- |
- |
< |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
, |
0 |
0 |
0 |
one thousand |
|
1 |
, |
0 |
0 |
0 |
, |
0 |
0 |
0 |
one million |
1 |
2 |
, |
7 |
5 |
0 |
, |
2 |
0 |
0 |
twelve million, seven hundred and fifty thousand, two hundred |
We use a point (.) to indicate a decimal number, or to separate dollars from cents, pounds from pennies and so on. Here are some examples:
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
. |
1 |
|
= |
one tenth or 1/10 |
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
. |
0 |
|
= |
one |
|
1 |
, |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
= |
one thousand |
|
1 |
, |
5 |
0 |
0 |
. |
7 |
5 |
= |
one thousand five hundred and three quarters |
|
|
|
|
$ |
1 |
. |
5 |
0 |
= |
one dollar and fifty cents |
|
|
$ |
7 |
0 |
0 |
. |
0 |
0 |
= |
seven hundred dollars |
£ |
3 |
, |
5 |
0 |
0 |
. |
0 |
1 |
= |
three thousand five hundred pounds and one penny |
| |
|