آموزش زبان انگلیسی Common Errors in English

ACCEDE/EXCEED

If you drive too fast, you exceed the speed limit. “Accede” is a much rarer word meaning “give in,” “agree.”

ACCEPT/EXCEPT

If you offer me Godiva chocolates I will gladly accept them—except for the candied violet ones. Just remember that the “X” in “except” excludes things—they tend to stand out, be different. In contrast, just look at those two cozy “C’s” snuggling up together. Very accepting. And be careful; when typing “except” it often comes out “expect.”

ADAPT/ADOPT

You can adopt a child or a custom or a law; in all of these cases you are making the object of the adoption your own, accepting it. If you adapt something, however, you are changing it.

ADMINISTER/MINISTER

You can minister to someone by administering first aid. Note how the “ad” in “administer” resembles “aid” in order to remember the correct form of the latter phrase. “Minister” as a verb always requires “to” following it.

COPYRIGHT /COPYWRITE

You can copyright writing, but you can also copyright a photograph or song. The word has to do with securing rights. Thus, there is no such word as “copywritten”; it’s “copyrighted.”

FIANCE/FIANCEE

Your fiance is the man you plan to marry; your fiancee (or fiancée) is the woman you plan to marry.

FARTHER/FURTHER

Some authorities (like the Associated Press) insist on “farther” to refer to physical distance and on “further” to refer to an extent of time or degree, but others treat the two words as interchangeable except for insisting on “further” for “in addition,” and “moreover.” You’ll always be safe in making the distinction; some people get really testy about this.

GOOD/WELL

You do something well, but a thing is good. The exception is verbs of sensation in phrases such as “the pie smells good,” or “I feel good.” Despite the arguments of nigglers, this is standard usage. Saying “the pie smells well” would imply that the pastry in question had a nose. Similarly, “I feel well” is also acceptable, especially when discussing health; but it is not the only correct usage.

VARY/VERY

“Vary” means “to change.” Don’t substitute it for “very” in phrases like "very nice” or “very happy."

WITHIN/AMONG

“Within” means literally “inside of,” but when you want to compare similarities or differences between things you may need “among” instead. It’s not “There are some entertaining movies within the current releases,” but “among the current releases.” But you can use “within” by rewriting the sentence to lump the movies together into a single entity: “There are some entertaining movies within the current batch of releases.” A batch is a single thing, and the individual films that make it up are within it.

Non-Errors آموزش زبان انگلیسی

Non-Errors

(Those usages people keep telling you are wrong but which are actually standard in English.)

Split infinitives

For the hyper-critical, “to boldly go where no man has gone before” should be “to go boldly. . . .” It is good to be aware that inserting one or more words between “to” and a verb is not strictly speaking an error, and is often more expressive and graceful than moving the intervening words elsewhere; but so many people are offended by split infinitives that it is better to avoid them except when the alternatives sound strained and awkward.

Ending a sentence with a preposition

A fine example of an artificial “rule” which ignores standard usage. The famous witticism usually attributed to Winston Churchill makes the point well: “This is the sort of English up with which I will not put.” see The American Heritage Book of English Usage. Jack Lynch has some sensible comments on this issue. If you think you know the original version of this saying, click here.

Beginning a sentence with a conjunction

It offends those who wish to confine English usage in a logical straitjacket that writers often begin sentences with “and” or “but.” True, one should be aware that many such sentences would be improved by becoming clauses in compound sentences; but there are many effective and traditional uses for beginning sentences thus. One example is the reply to a previous assertion in a dialogue: “But, my dear Watson, the criminal obviously wore expensive boots or he would not have taken such pains to scrape them clean.” Make it a rule to consider whether your conjunction would repose more naturally within the previous sentence or would lose in useful emphasis by being demoted from its position at the head of a new sentence.

Using “between” for only two, “among” for more

The “-tween” in “between” is clearly linked to the number two; but, as the Oxford English Dictionary notes, “In all senses, between has, from its earliest appearance, been extended to more than two.” We’re talking about Anglo-Saxon here—early. Pedants have labored to enforce “among” when there are three or more objects under discussion, but largely in vain. Even the pickiest speaker does not naturally say, “A treaty has been negotiated among England, France, and Germany.”

Over vs. more than.

Some people claim that “over” cannot be used to signify “more than,” as in “Over a thousand baton-twirlers marched in the parade.” “Over,” they insist, always refers to something physically higher: say, the blimp hovering over the parade route. This absurd distinction ignores the role metaphor plays in language. If I write 1 on the blackboard and 10 beside it, 10 is still the “higher” number. “Over” has been used in the sense of “more than” for over a thousand years.

Gender vs. sex

Feminists eager to remove references to sexuality from discussions of females and males not involving mating or reproduction revived an older meaning of “gender,” which had come to refer in modern times chiefly to language, as a synonym for “sex” in phrases such as “Our goal is to achieve gender equality.” Americans, always nervous about sex, eagerly embraced this usage, which is now standard. In some scholarly fields, “sex” is now used to label biologically determined aspects of maleness and femaleness (reproduction, etc.) while “gender” refers to their socially determined aspects (behavior, attitudes, etc.); but in ordinary speech this distinction is not always maintained. It is disingenuous to pretend that people who use “gender” in the new senses are making an error, just as it is disingenuous to maintain that “Ms.” means “manuscript” (that’s “MS”). Nevertheless, I must admit I was startled to discover that the tag on my new trousers describes not only their size and color, but their “gender.”

Using “who” for people, “that” for animals and inanimate objects

In fact there are many instances in which the most conservative usage is to refer to a person using “that”: “All the politicians that were at the party later denied even knowing the host” is actually somewhat more traditional than the more popular “politicians who.” An aversion to “that” referring to human beings as somehow diminishing their humanity may be praiseworthily sensitive, but it cannot claim the authority of tradition. In some sentences, “that” is clearly preferable to “who”: “She is the only person I know of that prefers whipped cream on her granola.” In the following example, to exchange “that” for “who” would be absurd: “Who was it that said, ‘A woman without a man is like a fish without a bicycle’?”*

*Commonly attributed to Gloria Steinem, but she attributes it to Irina Dunn.

“Since” cannot mean “because.”

“Since” need not always refer to time. Since the 14th century, when it was often spelled “syn,” it has also meant “seeing that” or “because.”

Hopefully

This word has meant “it is to be hoped” for a very long time, and those who insist it can only mean “in a hopeful fashion” display more hopefulness than realism.

Momentarily

“The plane will be landing momentarily” says the flight attendant, and the grumpy grammarian in seat 36B thinks to himself, “So we’re going to touch down for just a moment?” Everyone else thinks, “Just a moment now before we land.” Back in the 1920s when this use of “momentarily” was first spreading on both sides of the Atlantic, one might have been accused of misusing the word; but by now it’s listed without comment as one of the standard definitions in most dictionaries.

Lend vs. loan

“Loan me your hat” was just as correct everywhere as “lend me your ears” until the British made “lend” the preferred verb, relegating “loan” to the thing being lent. However, as in so many cases, Americans kept the older pattern, which in its turn has influenced modern British usage so that those insisting that “loan” can only be a noun are in the minority.

Regime vs. regimen

Some people insist that “regime” should be used only in reference to governments, and that people who say they are following a dietary regime should instead use “regimen”; but “regime” has been a synonym of “regimen” for over a century, and is widely accepted in that sense.

Near miss

It is futile to protest that “near miss” should be “near collision.” This expression is a condensed version of something like “a miss that came very near to being a collision” and is similar to “narrow escape.” Everyone knows what is meant by it and almost everyone uses it. It should be noted that the expression can also be used in the sense of almost succeeding in striking a desired target: “His Cointreau soufflé was a near miss.”

“None” singular vs. plural

Some people insist that since “none” is derived from “no one” it should always be singular: “none of us is having dessert.” However, in standard usage, the word is most often treated as a plural. “None of us are having dessert” will do just fine.

Scan vs. skim

Those who insist that “scan” can never be a synonym of “skim” have lost the battle. It is true that the word originally meant “to scrutinize,” but it has now evolved into one of those unfortunate words with two opposite meanings: to examine closely (now rare) and to glance at quickly (much more common). It would be difficult to say which of these two meanings is more prominent in the computer-related usage, to “scan a document.”

Off of

For most Americans, the natural thing to say is “Climb down off of [pronounced “offa”] that horse, Tex, with your hands in the air”; but many U.K. authorities urge that the “of” should be omitted as redundant. Where British English reigns you may want to omit the “of” as superfluous, but common usage in the U.S. has rendered “off of” so standard as to generally pass unnoticed, though some American authorities also discourage it in formal writing. But if “onto” makes sense, so does “off of.” However, “off of” meaning “from” in phrases like “borrow five dollars off of Clarice” is definitely nonstandard.

“Gotten” vs. “got.”

In England, the old past participle “gotten” dropped out of use except in such stock phrases as “ill-gotten” and “gotten up,” but in the U.S. it is still considered interchangeable with “got” as the past participle of “get.”

Till vs. ’til.

Since it looks like an abbreviation for “until,” some people argue that this word should always be spelled “’til” (though not all insist on the apostrophe). However, “till” has regularly occurred as a spelling of this word for over 800 years and it’s actually older than “until.” It is perfectly good English.

Teenage vs. teenaged.

Some people object that the word should be “teenaged,” but unlike the still nonstandard “ice tea” and “stain glass,” “teenage” is almost universally accepted now.

Don’t use “reference” to mean “cite.”

Nouns are often turned into verbs in English, and “reference” in the sense “to provide references or citations” has become so widespread that it’s generally acceptable, though some teachers and editors still object.

Feeling bad

“I feel bad” is standard English, as in “This t-shirt smells bad” (not “badly”). “I feel badly” is an incorrect hyper-correction by people who think they know better than the masses. People who are happy can correctly say they feel good, but if they say they feel well, we know they mean to say they’re healthy.

Unquote vs. endquote

Some people get upset at the common pattern by which speakers frame a quotation by saying “quote . . . unquote,” insisting that the latter word should logically be “endquote”; but illogical as it may be, “unquote” has been used in this way for about a century, and “endquote” is nonstandard.

Persuade vs. convince

Some people like to distinguish between these two words by insisting that you persuade people until you have convinced them; but “persuade” as a synonym for “convince” goes back at least to the 16th century. It can mean both to attempt to convince and to succeed. It is no longer common to say things like “I am persuaded that you are an illiterate fool,” but even this usage is not in itself wrong.

Normalcy vs. normality

The word “normalcy” had been around for more than half a century when President Warren G. Harding was assailed in the newspapers for having used it in a 1921 speech. Some folks are still upset; but in the U.S. “normalcy” is a perfectly normal—if uncommon—synonym for “normality.”

Aggravate vs. irritate

Some people claim that “aggravate” can only mean “make worse” and should not be used to mean “irritate”; but the latter has been a valid use of the word for four centuries, and “aggravation” means almost exclusively “irritation.”

You shouldn’t pronounce the “e” in “not my forte.”

Some people insist that it’s an error to pronounce the word “forte” in the expression “not my forte” as if French-derived “forte” were the same as the Italian musical term for “loud”: “for-tay.” But the original French expression is pas mon fort, which not only has no “e” on the end to pronounce—it has a silent “t” as well. It’s too bad that when we imported this phrase we mangled it so badly, but it’s too late to do anything about it now. If you go around saying what sounds like ”that’s not my fort,” people won’t understand what you mean.

However, those who use the phrase to mean “not to my taste” (“Wagnerian opera is not my forte”) are definitely mistaken. Your forte is what you’re good at, not just stuff you like.

“Preventive” is the adjective, “preventative” the noun.

I must say I like the sound of this distinction, but in fact the two are interchangeable as both nouns and adjective, though many prefer “preventive” as being shorter and simpler. “Preventative” used as an adjective dates back to the 17th century, as does “preventive” as a noun.

People should say a book is titled such-and-such rather than entitled.

No less a writer than Chaucer is cited by the Oxford English Dictionary as having used “entitled” in this sense, the very first meaning of the word listed by the OED. It may be a touch pretentious, but it’s not wrong.

People are healthy; vegetables are healthful.

Logic and tradition are on the side of those who make this distinction, but I’m afraid phrases like “part of a healthy breakfast” have become so widespread that they are rarely perceived as erroneous except by the hyper-correct. On a related though slightly different subject, it is interesting to note that in English adjectives connected to sensations in the perceiver of an object or event are often transferred to the object or event itself. In the 19th century it was not uncommon to refer, for instance, to a “grateful shower of rain,” and we still say “a gloomy landscape,” “a cheerful sight” and “a happy coincidence.”

Female vs. woman

Some people argue that since we say—for instance—“male doctor” we should always say “female doctor” rather than “woman doctor.” It may be inconsistent, but the pattern of referring to females as women performers, professionals, etc. is very traditional, dating back at least to the 14^th century. People who do this cannot be accused of committing an error.

Dinner is done; people are finished.

I pronounce this an antiquated distinction rarely observed in modern speech. Nobody really supposes the speaker is saying he or she has been roasted to a turn. In older usage people said, “I have done” to indicate they had completed an action. “I am done” is not really so very different.

Crops are raised; children are reared.

Old-fashioned writers insist that you raise crops and rear children; but in modern American English children are usually “raised.”

“You’ve got mail” should be “you have mail.”

The “have” contracted in phrases like this is merely an auxiliary verb, not an expression of possession. It is not a redundancy. Compare: “You’ve sent the mail.”

It’s “cut the muster,” not “cut the mustard.”

This etymology seems plausible at first. Its proponents often trace it to the American Civil War. We do have the analogous expression “to pass muster,” which probably first suggested this alternative; but although the origins of “cut the mustard” are somewhat obscure, the latter is definitely the form used in all sorts of writing throughout the twentieth century. Common sense would suggest that a person cutting a muster is not someone being selected as fit, but someone eliminating the unfit. See the alt.usage.english faq explanation of this term.

It’s “carrot on a stick,” not “carrot or stick.”

Authoritative dictionaries agree, the original expression refers to offering to reward a stubborn mule or donkey with a carrot or threatening to beat it with a stick and not to a carrot being dangled from a stick. Further discussion. This and other popular etymologies fit under the heading aptly called by the English “too clever by half."

“Spitting image” should be “spit and image.”

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the earlier form was “spitten image,” which may indeed have evolved from “spit and image.” It’s a crude figure of speech: someone else is enough like you to have been spat out by you, made of the very stuff of your body. In the early 20th century the spelling and pronunciation gradually shifted to the less logical “spitting image,” which is now standard. It’s too late to go back. There is no historical basis for the claim sometimes made that the original expression was “spirit and image.”

“Lion’s share” means all of something, not the larger part of something.

Even though the original meaning of this phrase reflected the idea that the lion can take whatever he wants—typically all of the slaughtered game, leaving nothing for anyone else—in modern usage the meaning has shifted to “the largest share.” This makes great sense if you consider the way hyenas and vultures swarm over the leftovers from a typical lion’s kill.

“Connoisseur” should be spelled “connaisseur.”

When we borrowed this word from the French in the 18th century, it was spelled “connoisseur.” Is it our fault the French later decided to shift the spelling of many OI words to the more phonetically accurate AI? Of those Francophone purists who insist we should follow their example I say, let ’em eat bifteck.

a good deal and a great deal

a good deal (adv)
 
Synonyms: a lot, very much, enormously, exceedingly, decidedly, lots, no end, greatly
 
 
a great deal (adv)
 
Synonyms: a lot, very much, enormously, exceedingly, decidedly, lots, no end, greatly
 

Is Your English Too Formal?

Does your English come across as too polite? While formal language is essential with your boss and your customers, you would sound strange to your friends if you speak with them in the same way. To tone down your English for life's casual situations, check out these tips.

Meetings and greetings

Do you ask everyone you see, "How do you do?" Though quite common in days past, today it's only appropriate in very formal situations - not with your friends. In most situations, choose a more common phrase like, "How are you?" With friends, you could also say, "Hey, what's up?" or "How's it going?"

Wining and dining

"Would you mind passing me the salt, please?" It's always important to remember your manners, especially when you're eating with business associates or important guests. But when you're just grabbing a bite to eat with friends, and you need the salt, it's quite OK to just say, "Hey, pass the salt."

Coming and going

You receive an urgent message during an important meeting, so you ask, "Would you excuse me for a moment, please?" But what if you're with your friends? Just tell them to "hang on a sec" or say you'll "be right back." Remember, it's not always impolite to be informal.

Didn't hear it?

Your customer is speaking to you, but you didn't understand what she said. Don't panic. Just be polite and say, "Excuse me, but would you mind repeating that?" On the other hand, in more casual situations, just ask, "Come again?" or "What did you say?"

Good impressions

"This is quite an impressive abode, my dear." This is a formal way to tell people that you really like their home. If you're over at a friend's place, however, there's no need for such serious language. Your friends would be perfectly happy to hear you exclaim, "What a cool place, man!"

یه تشکر کوچولو از دوستان عزیزم

A Friend is Like

A friend is like a flower,
a rose to be exact,
Or maybe like a brand new gate
that never comes unlatched.
A friend is like an owl,
both beautiful and wise.
Or perhaps a friend is like a ghost,
whose spirit never dies.
A friend is like a heart that goes
strong until the end.
Where would we be in this world
if we didn't have a friend.

سلام دوستان عزیزم

مرسی که وقت با ارزشتون رو میگذارین و مطالب این وبلاگ رومیخونین

بسیار سپاسگزارم از کامنت های محبت آمیز شما 

دوستان عزیز به گروه ما در یاهو بپیوندین

اونجا میتونین با کسانی که میخوان زبان انگلیسی یاد بگیرن آشنا بشین .میتونین باهاشون دوست بشین .با هم چت کنین.اونجا میتونین به این آدرس :

LLE_ENGLISH[@]yahoogroups[.]com

ایمیل بزنین و مشکلات خودتون رومطرح کنین .لطفا به خاطر داشته باشین که این آدرس ایمیل که ذکر کردم وقتی به اون ایمیل میزنین به کل اعضای گروه فرستاده میشه.پس اگر با من کار دارین به آدرس ایمیل من بفرستین.

به قول یه دوست کوچولوی دوست داشتی : دوستتون دارم هوارتا

تا پست بدی بای

Battle of the Sexes

Maturity
Women mature at a much faster rate than men. Most 17 year old females can function as adults. Most 17 year old males are still trading baseball cards and giving each other wedgies after gym class. This is why high school romances rarely work.

Groceries
A woman knows how to shop for groceries. She makes a list of the things she needs, and then goes to the store and buys these things. A man does not shop on a frequent basis. He waits until the only items left in his refrigerator are an opened can of Schlitz and a half a lime. Then he goes grocery shopping. A man buys everything that looks good. By the time a man reaches the checkout counter, his cart is packed tighter than the Clampett's car on the Beverly Hillbillies. Of course, this will not stop him from going to the 10 items or less lane.

Magazines
Men's magazines often feature pictures of naked ladies. Women's magazines also feature pictures of naked ladies. This is because the female body is a beautiful work of art, while the male body is lumpy and hairy and should not be seen by the light of day.

Handwriting
To their credit, men do not decorate their penmanship. They just chicken-scratch. Women use scented, colored stationary, and they dot their "i's" with circles and hearts. Women use ridiculously large loops in their "p's" and "g's." It is a royal pain to read a note from a woman. Even when she's dumping you, she'll put a smiley face at the end of the note.

Comedy
Let's say a small group of men and women are in a room, watching television, and an episode of the Three Stooges comes on. Immediately, the men will get very excited; they will laugh uproariously, and even try to imitate the actions of Curly, man's favorite stooge. The woman will roll their eyes and groan and wait it out.

Bathrooms
A man has 6 items in his bathroom: a toothbrush, toothpaste, shaving cream, a razor, a bar of Dial soap and a towel from a Holiday Inn. The average number of items in a typical American women's bathroom is 437. A man would not be able to identify most of these items

Going Out
When a man says he is ready to go out, it means he is ready to go out. When a woman says she is ready to go out, it means she will be ready, as soon as she finds her other earring, makes one phone call and finishes putting on her makeup.

Cats
Women love cats. Men say they love cats, but when women aren't looking, men kick cats.

Shoes
When preparing for work, a woman will put on a Mondi wool suit, and then slip into Reebok sneakers. She will carry her dress shoes in a plastic bag from Saks. When a woman gets to work, she will put on her dress shoes. Five minutes later she will kick them off because her feet are under the desk. A man will wear one pair of shoes for the entire day.

Leg Warmers
Leg warmers are sexy. A woman, even if she's walking the dog or doing the dishes, is allowed to wear leg warmers. She can wear them any time she wants. A man can only wear leg warmers if he is auditioning for the "Gimme the Ball" number in A Chorus Line.

Mirrors
Men are vain; they will check themselves out in the mirror. Women are ridiculous; they will check out their reflections in any shiny surface, mirrors, spoons, store windows, toasters, or Joe Garagiola's head.

Menopause
When a woman reaches menopause, she goes through a variety of complicated emotional, psychological, and biological changes. The nature and degree of these changes varies with the individual. Menopause in a man provokes a uniform reaction -- he buys aviator glasses, a snazzy French cap and leather driving gloves, and goes shopping for a Porsche.

The Telephone
Men see the telephone as a communication tool. They use the telephone to send short messages to other people. A woman can visit her girlfriend for two weeks, and upon returning home, she will call the same friend and they will talk for three hours.

Offspring
Ah, children. A woman knows all about her children. She knows about dentist appointments and soccer games and romances and best friends and favorite foods and hopes and dreams. A man is vaguely aware of some short people living in his house.

Low Blows
Let's say a man and a woman are watching a boxing match on television. One of the figures is felled by a low blow. The woman says, "Oh gee, that must hurt." The man doubles over and actually feels the pain.

Directions
If a woman is out driving, and she finds herself in unfamiliar surroundings, she will stop at a gas station and ask for directions. Men consider this to be a sign of weakness. Men will never stop and ask for directions. Men will drive in a circle for hours, all the while saying things like, "Looks like I've found a new way to get there." and, "I know I'm in the general neighborhood. I recognize that White Hen store."

Admitting Mistakes
Women will sometimes admit making a mistake. The last man who admitted he as wrong was General George Custer.

Richard Gere

Women like Richard Gere because he is sexy in a dangerous way. Men hate Richard Gere because he reminds them of that slick guy who works at the health club and dates only married women.

Dressing Up
A woman will dress up to: go shopping, water the plants, empty the garbage, answer the phone, read a book, get the mail. A man will dress up for: weddings, funerals.

Nicknames
With the exception of female body builders, who call each other names like "Ultimate Pecs" and "Big Turk," women eschew the use of nicknames. If Gloria, Suzanne, Deborah, and Michelle get together for lunch, they will call each other Gloria, Suzanne, Deborah, and Michelle. But if Mike, Dirk, Clint, and Jack go out for a brewski, they will affectionately refer to one another as Bullet-Head, Godzilla, Peanut-Brain, and Useless.

Toys
Little girls love to play with toys. Then when they reach the age of 11 or 12, they lose interest. Men never grow out of their obsession with toys. As they get older, their toys simply become more expensive and silly and impractical. Examples of men's toys: little miniature TV's. Car phones. Complicated juicers and blenders. Graphic equalizers. Small robots that serve cocktails on command. Video games. Anything that blinks, beeps, and requires atleast 6 "D" batteries to operate.

Plants
A woman asks a man to water her plants while she is on vacation. The man waters the plants. The woman comes home five or six days later to an apartment full of dead plants. No one knows why this happens.

Mustaches
Some men look good with mustaches. Those men are Tom Selleck and Burt Reynolds. There are no women who look good with mustaches.

Cameras
Men take photography very seriously. They'll shell out $4000 for stateof the art equipment, and build dark rooms and take photography classes. Women purchase Kodak Instamatics. Of course women always end up taking better pictures.

Locker Rooms
In the locker room men talk about three things: money, football, and women, They exaggerate about money, they don't know football nearly as well as they think they do, and they fabricate stories about women. Women talk about one thing in the locker room -- sex. And not in abstract terms, either. They are extremely graphic and technical, and they never lie.

Laundry
Women do the laundry every couple of days. A man will wear every article of clothing he owns, including his surgical pants that were really hip about eight years ago, before he will do the laundry. When he is finally out of clothes, he will wear a dirty sweatsuit inside out, rent a U-Haul and take his mountain of dirty clothes to the Laundromat. Men always expect to met beautiful women at the Laundromat, but this is only a myth perpetuated by old reruns of Love American Style.

Politics
Men love to talk politics, but often they forget to do political things such as voting. Women are very happy that another generation of Kennedy's is growing up and getting into politics because they will be able to campaign for them and cry on election night.

Weddings
When reminiscing about weddings women talk about "the ceremony." Men talk about "the bachelor party."

Cheerleaders
Female cheerleaders are cute, sexy, fresh, and all American. Male cheerleaders are scary.

Garages
Women use garages to park their cars and store their lawnmowers. Men use garages for many things. They hang license plates in garages, and they watch TV in garages, and they build useless lopsided benches in garages.

Movies
For women their favorite movie scene is when Clark Gable kisses Vivien Leigh for the first time in Gone With the Wind. For men it's when Jimmy Cagney shoves grapefruit in May Clark's face in Public Enemy.

Nudity in Movies
Every actress in the history of movies has had to do a nude scene. This is because every movie in the history of movies has been produced by aman. The only actor who has ever appeared nude in the movies is Richard Gere. This is another reason why men hate him.

Jewelry
Women look nice when they wear jewelry. A man can get away with wearing one ring and that's it. Any more than that and he will look like a lounge singer named Vic.
.

Soccer Burns More Fat Than Jogging

University of Copenhagen  Source: 

Soccer Burns More Fat Than Jogging

 

Science Daily — A new scientific experiment shows that soccer is better for your health than jogging. Researchers believe that soccer can be used to actively fight obesity. Soccer is not just a game of fun. The research shows that a game of soccer two to three times a week is profoundly health-improving. As a matter of fact, the beneficial effects are so massive that it beats jogging

 

Research

Sports scientist Peter Krustrup and his colleagues from the University of Copenhagen, the Copenhagen University Hospital and Bispebjerg Hospital have followed a soccer team consisting of 14 untrained men aged 20 to 40 years.

For a period of 3 months, the players have been subjected to a number of tests such as fitness ratings, total mass of muscles, percentage of fat, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity and balance

Surprising results

2-3 weekly rounds of soccer practise, of the duration of app. 1 hour, released massive health and training benefits. Their percentage of fat went down, the total mass of muscle went up, their blood pressure fell and their fitness ratings improved significantly. Everything we tested improved, says Peter Krustrup.

In parallel with the soccer-experiment, the research group did the same tests on a group of joggers as well as on a passive control group. The joggers also trained 2-3 times a week, but their efforts showed smaller effect than that of the soccer players.

It is healthy to run long distances in a moderate speed, but the results show that soccer practise is better in a number of ways. The improvement in fitness rating and the increase in total muscle mass were greater in the soccer players, and during the last 8 weeks of the experiment, only the soccer-players showed any improvement, Peter Krustrup says.

After 12 weeks, the soccer players had lost 3.5 kilos of fat and gained more than 2 kilos of extra muscle mass, whereas the joggers had lost 2 kilos of fat and showed no change in total muscle mass. Both groups showed significant improvements in blood pressure, insulin sensitivity and balance.

The sports scientist believes that it is the shifts between walking, running and sprinting that causes the soccer players to experience better health improvements.

I think that is part of the secret. Soccer is an all-round form of practise because it both keeps the pulse up and has many high-intensity actions. When you sprint, jump and tackle your opponents, you use all the fibres in your muscles. When you jog at a moderate pace, you only use the slow fibres, says Peter Krustrup.

Fun takes focus from pain

During the process, the participants were asked how hard the practise was, and the feedback makes Peter Krustrup smile. The soccer players expressed that they did not find the practise particularly hard. The joggers always said the opposite.

The joggers always found it hard. Even though they moved at the same average speed as the soccer-players, it was harder on them. I think it is owed to the fact that when you jog you focus on yourself. You notice the efforts and the breathlessness. And then you start to feel a little sorry for your self, says Peter Krustrup and continues:

When you play soccer, you push those thoughts aside. The players are caught up in the game and they don't notice that their hearts are pounding. It is fun, and the team needs all players to contribute and so they forget that it is hard. That is also happends to be very good exercise is an additional bonus.

International fight against lifestyle related diseases

The results have encouraged the researchers to continue the research from a physiological angle. The team has made arrangements of cooperation with universities in Rome, Brussel and Liverpool, and they are applying for funding through the EU, UEFA and FIFA.

Peter Krustrup sees large perspectives in soccer at exercise level in a time of lifestyle-related diseases. When a pleasureable and popular team-sport such as soccer turns out to be so beneficiary, it would make sense to consider that sport in the national and international efforts to prevent and treat lifestyle-related diseases.

In the fight against obesity and inactivity, soccer seems to be an obvious alternative to jogging and fitness. Soccer is a popular sport in large parts of the population, and experience tells us that there are good chances of growing a permanent affiliation with a sport when it is both fun and combined you're your social life, says Krustrup and continues:

It really doesn't take a lot. A lawn, two goalposts and a ball is all you need to begin a health-promoting training programme for 22 people.

The international cooperation will continue research in soccer at exercise level for various age groups. The researchers also consider examining other sports such as handball, volleyball and basketball

Facts about the project

For a period of 12 weeks, a group of soccer players and joggers have been active for for one hour 2-3 times a week. The participants have been continuingly subjected to tests: fitness rating, percentage of bodyfat, total mass of muscles, cholesterol, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity and balance.

The project has received 500,000 Dkr in funding from the Danish Ministry of Culture's committee for sports science.

Note: This story has been adapted from a news release issued by University of Copenhagen.

Promises are like babies, easy to give hard to deliver

To climb steep hills requires a slow pace at first.
Shakespeare

Try not to become a man of success but a man of value.
Albert Einstein.

Question: What is the truest definition of Globalization? 
 

 
Answer: Princess
 
Diana's death. 
 
 

 
Question: How come? 
 
 

 
Answer:

 
An English princess   with

 
an Egyptian boyfriend

 
crashes in a French

 
tunnel,   driving a

 
German car

 
with a Dutch engine,

 
driven by a Belgian

 
who was drunk

 
on Scottish whisky,

 
(check the bottle before you change the spelling),

 
followed closely by

 
Italian Paparazzi,

 
on Japanese motorcycles;

 
treated by an American doctor,   using

 
Brazilian medicines.

 
This is sent to you by

 
An Iranian,

 
using Bill Gates's technology,

 
and you're probably reading this on your computer,

 
that uses Taiwanese

 
chips,   and a

 
Korean monitor,

 
assembled by

 
Bangladeshi workers

 
in a Singapore plant,

 
transported by Indian

 
lorry-drivers,

 
hijacked by Indonesians,

 
unloaded by Sicilian longshoremen,

 
and trucked to you by Mexican illegals.....

 
That, my friends, is Globalization!

Subject: Letter of an NIOC employee in English !!!!

When an iranian writes in english
  
     This letter was written by an employee of the NIOC National, about
fifty years ago.  Someone pulled it out of the archive for laughs.  But the
name of the person who wrote this letter has been erased for secrecy.  
  
Dear Mr. Hamilton,
Hello sir, "I am your servent, very very much".  
  
I am writing to you because "all the way to the handle of the knife has
reached my bone.  "My hands grab your skirt", Mr. Hamilton, "Please reach my
scream", Mr. Hamiton, "from the hands of this man, Ahmady" .  I don't know
"what a wet wood I have sold him" that from the very first day he has been
"pulling the belt to my lift" With all kinds of "cat dancing" he has tried
to become the "eye and the light" of Mr.Wilson.
  
He made so much "mouse running" that finally Mr.Wilson "became donkey" , and
appointed Mr.Ahmadi as his right hand man, and told me to work "under his
hand"
  
Mr.Wilson promised me that next year he would make me his right hand man,
but "my eye didn't not drink water", and I knew that all these were "hat
play", and he was trying to put a "hat on my head" I "put the seal of
silence to my lips" and did not say anything. Since that he was just
"putting watermelon under my arms" Knowing that this transfer was only "good
for his aunt" , I started begging him to forget that I ever came to see him
and forget my visit altogether. I said "you saw camel, you did not see
camel" ... .but he was not "getting of the devils donkey".. ."what headache
shall I give you" I am now forced to work in the mail house with bunch of
"blind, bald, height and half height" people. "Imagine how much my ass
burns"
  
Now Mr.Hamilton, "I turn around your head" you are my only hope and my "back
and shelter"... ."I swear you to the 14 innocents" please "do some work for
me"...."in the resurrection day l'll grasp your skirt"... "I have six head
bread eaters" I kiss your hand and
Leg "
  
Your servant

Email

Email

A couple from Minneapolis decided to go to Florida for a long weekend to thaw out during one particularly icy cold winter. They both had jobs, and had difficulty coordinating their travel schedules. It was decided the husband would fly to Florida on a Thursday, and his wife would follow him the next day. Upon arriving as planned, the husband checked into the hotel. There he decided to open his laptop and send his wife an e-mail back in Minneapolis. However, he accidentally left off one letter in her address and sent the e-mail without noticing his error.

In the mean time:
In Houston, a widow had just returned from her husband's funeral. He was a minister of many years who had been "called home to glory" following a heart attack (died and gone to report in heaven). The widow checked her e-mail, expecting messages from family and friends. Upon reading the first message, she fainted and fell to the floor. The widow's son rushed into the room, found his mother on the floor and saw the computer screen which read:

To: My loving Wife
From: Your Departed Husband
Subject: I've arrived!

I've just arrived and have been checked in. I see that everything has been prepared for your arrival tomorrow. Looking forward to seeing you then. Hope your journey is as uneventful as mine was.

P.S. Sure is hot down here.

A BRIEF EXPLANATION OF CONJUNCTIONS

A BRIEF EXPLANATION OF CONJUNCTIONS

A conjunction is a word that links words, phrases, or clauses. There are three types of conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions, and subordinating conjunctions. Coordinating conjunctions may join single words, or they may join groups of words, but they must always join similar elements: e.g. subject+subject, verb phrase+verb phrase, sentence+sentence. When a coordinating conjunction is used to join elements, the element becomes a compound element. Correlative conjunctions also connect sentence elements of the same kind: however, unlike coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions are always used in pairs. Subordinating conjunctions, the largest class of conjunctions, connect subordinate clauses to a main clause. These conjunctions are adverbs used as conjunctions.

The following tables show examples of the various types of conjunctions and some sample sentences using the conjunctions. Since coordinating conjunctions and correlative conjunctions are closed sets of words, all are included in the list. Subordinating conjunctions are a larger class of words; therefore, only a few of the more common ones are included in this list.

COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

F	A	N	B	O	Y	S
for	and	nor	but	or	yet	so

An easy way to remember these six conjunctions is to think of the word FANBOYS. Each of the letters in this somewhat unlikely word is the first letter of one of the coordinating conjunctions. Remember, when using a conjunction to join two sentences, use a comma before the conjunction.

EXAMPLES AND SENTENCES

COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

 

CONJUNCTION	WHAT IS LINKED	SAMPLE SENTENCES
and	noun phrase+noun phrase	We have tickets for the symphony and the opera.
but	sentence+sentence	The orchestra rehearses on Tuesday, but the chorus rehearses on Wednesday.
or	verb+verb	Have you seen or heard the opera by Scott Joplin?

CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS

both...and

not only...but also

either...or

neither...nor

whether...or

Remember, correlative conjunctions are always used in pairs. They join similar elements.When joining singular and plural subjects, the subject closest to the verb determines whether the verb is singular or plural.

EXAMPLES AND SENTENCES

CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS

CONJUNCTIONS	WHAT IS LINKED	SAMPLE SENTENCE
both...and	subject+subject	Both my sister and my brother play the piano.
either...or	noun+noun	Tonight's program is either Mozart or Beethoven.
neither...nor	subject+subject	Neither the orchestra nor the chorus was able to overcome the terrible acoustics in the church
not only...but also	sentence+sentence	Not only does Sue raise money for the symphony, but she also ushers at all of their concerts.

SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

TIME	CAUSE + EFFECT	OPPOSITION	CONDITION
after	because	although	if
before	since	though	unless
when	now that	even though	only if
while	as	whereas	whether or not
since	in order that	while	even if
until	so		in case (that)

Subordinating conjunctions, (subordinators) are most important in creating subordinating clauses. These adverbs that act like conjunctions are placed at the front of the clause. The adverbial clause can come either before or after the main clause. Subordinators are usually a single word, but there are also a number of multi-word subordinators that function like a single subordinating conjunction. They can be classified according to their use in regard to time, cause and effect, opposition, or condition. Remember, put a comma at the end of the adverbial phrase when it precedes the main clause

EXAMPLES AND SENTENCES

SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

CONJUNCTION	SAMPLE SENTENCE
after	We are going out to eat after we finish taking the test.
since	Since we have lived in Atlanta, we have gone to every exhibit at the High Musuem.
while	While I was waiting in line for the Matisse Exhibit, I ate my lunch.
although	Although the line was long and the wait over two hours, the exhibit was well worth it
even if	Even if you have already bought your ticket, you will still need to wait in line.
because	I love Matisse's works because he uses color so brilliantly.

RESOURCES:

• Azar, B. S.(1993). Understanding and Using English Grammar. Englewood Hills, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents.
• Byrd, P. and Benson, B. (1992). Applied English Grammar. Boston: Heinle & Heinle.
• Greenbaum, S. and Quirk, R. (1990). A Student's Grammar of the English Language. Essex, England: Longman.
• Hodges, J. and Whitten, M. (1984). Harbrace College Handbook. Atlanta: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publisher.

Would

سلام دوستان
شرمنده من سرم خیلی شلوغه دیر به دیر آپدیت می کنم

کیوان عزیز سوالی کرده بودن در رابطه با Would

کیوان جان عذر میهوام که دیر جواب میدم. اینم جواب سوال شما :


Verbs

Would



Would is a modal verb and like all others of its kind is followed by the infinitive without 'to' (Note: we consider that the modal verb 'ought to' is a single item, as the word 'ought' does not exist without the word 'to'):

Would is often contracted in spoken English to 'd.

*
I'd like to come with you, but I'm busy.
*
He'd sit all day watching the people go by.

Would is a very flexible word and has many uses.

In Grammar definitions would is briefly mentioned under conditionals and reported speech.

In our Grammar Archive see the use of used to and would for expressing habitual actions in the past.

Apart from this, would is also used in the following ways:

Conditionals

Would is used in a number of different forms of the conditional:

2nd conditional

*
If I went to China, I would visit the Great Wall.

3rd conditional

*
If she had studied harder, she would have passed her exams.

Mixed conditional

*
If he hadn't missed the bus, he would be here now.


Reported (indirect) speech

In indirect speech 'will' is reported as would:

*
I will be there! She said she would be there.
*
I won't be able to come with you on Saturday. He said he wouldn't be able to come with us on Saturday.
*
Will you do me a favour? She asked if I would do her a favour.


You can use would to ask people to do things:

*
Would you do me a favour?
*
Would you mind opening the window?

To offer or invite you can use Would you like …?

*
Would you like me to get you something while I'm at the shop?
*
Would you like to come with me to the cinema?


Future in the past

This structure is used to "express the idea that in the past you thought something would happen in the future."
#
When she was a teenager she knew she would be rich and famous.
#
It was at that moment that I knew they would win the game.





Common expressions

Would + like:

This structure is used to talk about things that we want or don't want to do:

*
Yes, I'd like to go with you.
*
I wouldn't like to be outside now.

Would rather

This structure is used to express preferences:

*
What would you rather do: go to the cinema or stay at home for the evening?
*
I'd rather be poor and happy than rich and sad.

سلام دوستان

رضا ی عزیز که همیشه لطف میکنه و از اینجا دیدن میکنه سوالی رو پرسیده در رابطه با listening

چطور میتونیم listening خودمون رو تقویت کنیم؟

راستش رضا جان این فقط مشکل شما نیست.این مشکل همه ی زبان آموزان است. حتی مشکل خود من.

ما هر چقدر هم که تلاش کنیم هیچوقت نمیتونیم مثل کسی که انگلیسی زبان مادری اونه باشیم.هیچوقت.

میتونیم روش کار کنیم و از زبان آموزان دیگه بهتر باشیم توlistening

یه استادی داشتم در قدیم (منظورم ۳ ساله پیشه) که می گفت : واسه اینکه در یادگیری این زبان خارجه موفق باشین باید اونو وارد زندگیه روزانتون بیارین.

منم همیشه اینو به همه توصیه میکنم.

حالا چطوری وارد زندگی روزانمون کنیم؟ خیلی راحته .کاری که من همیشه میکنم

موسیقی گوش کنین به زبان انگلیسی

تلویزیون نگاه کنین به زبان انگلیسی

رادیو گوش کنین مثل رادیو بی بی سی , رادیو صدای آمریکا

فیلم نگاه کنین به زبانان انگلیسی و...

اینا رودر زندگیه روزمره انجام بدین.

موفق و سر بلند باشین.

P.s. mitoonam dar morede film va music rahnamiitoon konam.

Happy new year

Happy New Year

May bring no tear to any eye 
When this New Year in time shall end
Let it be said I've played the friend,
Have lived and loved and labored here,
And made of it a happy year

.

معجزه

سلام

این مطلب درسته با موضوع وبلاگ ربطی نداره اما اگه بخونین تا آخرش متوجه میشین چرا اینو اینجا پابلیش کردم

---

سارا هشت ساله بود که از صحبت پدرمادرش فهمید برادر کوچکش سخت مریض است و پولی هم برای مداوای آن ندارند.
پدر به تازگی کارش را از دست داده بود و نمیتوانست هزینهء جراحی پر خرج برادرش را بپردازد.
سارا شنید که پدر آهسته به مادر گفت فقط معجزه می تواند پسرمان را نجات دهد سارا با ناراحتی به اتاقش رفت و از زیر تخت قلک کوچکش را درآورد.
قلک را شکست. سکه ها رو رو تخت ریخت و آنها رو شمرد .فقط پنج دلار.
بعد آهسته از در عقبی خارج شد و چند کوچه رفت بالاتر به داروخانه رفت.
جلوی پیشخوان انتظار کشید تا دارساز به او توجه کند ولی داروساز سرش به مشتریان گرم بود بالاخره سارا حوصلش سر
رفت و سکه ها رو محکم رو شیشه پیشخوان ریخت.
داروساز جاخورد و گفت چه میخواهی؟
دخترک جواب داد برادرم خیلی مریضِ می خوام معجزه بخرم قیمتش چقدراست؟
دارو ساز با تعجب پرسید چی بخری عزیزم!!؟
دخترک توضیح داد برادر کوچکش چیزی در سرش رفته و بابام می گوید فقطمعجزه میتواند او را نجات دهد من هم می خواهم
معجزه بخرم قیمتش چقدر است.داروسازگفت:
متاسفم دختر جان ولی ما اینجا معجره نمی فروشیم.
چشمان دخترک پر از اشک شد و گفت شما رو به خدا برادرم خیلی مریض ِو بابام پول ندارد و این همهء پول من است. من از
کـــــجــا می توانم معجزه بخرم؟؟؟؟
مردی که گوشه ایستاده بود و لباس تمیز و مرتبی داشت از دخترک پرسید:چقدر پول داری؟
دخترک پولهارا کف دستش ریخت و به مرد نشان داد.مد لبخندی زد وگفت:
آه چه جالب!!!فکر میکنم این پول برای خرید معجزه کافی باشه.بعد به آرامی دست اورا گرفت و گفت من میخوام برادر و والدینت را ببینم فکر میکنم معجزهء برادرت پیش من باشه ان مرد دکتر آرمسترانگ فوق تخصص مغز و اعصاب در شیکاگو بود.فردای
آن روز عمل جراحی روی مغز پسرک با موفقیت انجام شد و او از مرگ نجات یافت. پس از جراحی پدر نزد دکتر رفت و گفت از شما متشکرم نجات پسرم یک معجزه واقعی بود،می خواهم بدانم بابت هزینهء عمل جراحی چقدر باید پرداخت کنم؟
دکتر لبخندی زد و گفت فقط 5 دلار.
شاد باشین

سلام

یکی از راههای یادگیری حرف زدنه

یعنی بایستی دوستانی داشته باشین که زبان مادری اونا انگلیسی باشه و با ائنا به انگلیسی چت کنین

میخوام امروز یه وب سایتی رو بهتون معرفی کنم که به راحتی میتونین دوستای زیادی پیدا کنین از تمام نقاط جهان

http://xuqa.com/challenge/cheese

بیاین و عضو شین

منتظرتون هستم

Return to Paradise

Eliza Riley

Return to Paradise

Lisa gazed out over the Caribbean Sea, feeling the faint breeze against her face - eyes shut, the white sand warm between her bare toes. The place was beautiful beyond belief, but it was still unable to ease the grief she felt as she remembered the last time she had been here.
     She had married James right here on this spot three years ago to the day. Dressed in a simple white shift dress, miniature white roses attempting to tame her long dark curls, Lisa had been happier than she had ever thought possible. James was even less formal but utterly irresistible in creased summer trousers and a loose white cotton shirt. His dark hair slightly ruffled and his eyes full of adoration as his looked at his bride to be. The justice of the peace had read their vows as they held hands and laughed at the sheer joy of being young, in love and staying in a five star resort on the Caribbean island of the Dominican Republic. They had seen the years blissfully stretching ahead of them, together forever. They planned their children, two she said, he said four so they compromised on three (two girls and a boy of course); where they would live, the travelling they would do together - it was all certain, so they had thought then.
     But that seemed such a long time ago now. A lot can change in just a few years - a lot of heartache can change a person and drive a wedge through the strongest ties, break even the deepest love. Three years to the day and they had returned, though this time not for the beachside marriages the island was famous for but for one of its equally popular quickie divorces.
     Lisa let out a sigh that was filled with pain and regret. What could she do but move on, find a new life and new dreams? - the old one was beyond repair. How could this beautiful place, with its lush green coastline, eternity of azure blue sea and endless sands be a place for the agony she felt now?
     The man stood watching from the edge of the palm trees. He couldn't take his eyes of the dark-haired woman he saw standing at the water's edge, gazing out to sea as though she was waiting for something - or someone. She was beautiful, with her slim figure dressed in a loose flowing cotton dress, her crazy hair and bright blue eyes not far off the colour of the sea itself. It wasn't her looks that attracted him though; he came across many beautiful women in his work as a freelance photographer. It was her loneliness and intensity that lured him. Even at some distance he was aware that she was different from any other woman he could meet.

   Lisa sensed the man approaching even before she turned around. She had been aware of him standing there staring at her and had felt strangely calm about being observed. She looked at him and felt the instant spark of connection she had only experienced once before. He walked slowly towards her and they held each other's gaze. It felt like meeting a long lost friend - not a stranger on a strange beach.
     Later, sitting at one of the many bars on the resort, sipping the local cocktails they began to talk. First pleasantries, their hotels, the quality of the food and friendliness of the locals. Their conversation was strangely hesitant considering the naturalness and confidence of their earlier meeting. Onlookers, however, would have detected the subtle flirtation as they mirrored each other's actions and spoke directly into each other's eyes. Only later, after the alcohol had had its loosening effect, did the conversation deepen. They talked of why they were here and finally, against her judgement, Lisa opened up about her heartache of the past year and how events had led her back to the place where she had married the only man she believed she could ever love. She told him of things that had been locked deep inside her, able to tell no one. She told him how she had felt after she had lost her baby.
     She was six months pregnant and the happiest she had ever been when the pains had started. She was staying with her mother as James was working out of town. He hadn't made it back in time. The doctor had said it was just one of those things, that they could try again. But how could she when she couldn't even look James in the eye. She hated him then, for not being there, for not hurting as much as her but most of all for looking so much like the tiny baby boy that she held for just three hours before the took him away. All through the following months she had withdrawn from her husband, family, friends. Not wanting to recover form the pain she felt - that would have been a betrayal of her son. At the funeral she had refused to stand next to her husband and the next day she had left him. 

    Looking up, Lisa could see her pain reflected in the man's eyes. For the first time in months she didn't feel alone, she felt the unbearable burden begin to lift from her, only a bit but it was a start. She began to believe that maybe she had a future after all and maybe it could be with this man, with his kind hazel eyes, wet with their shared tears.
     They had come here to dissolve their marriage but maybe there was hope. Lisa stood up and took James by the hand and led him away from the bar towards the beech where they had made their vows to each other three years ago. Tomorrow she would cancel the divorce; tonight they would work on renewing their promises. 

     

سپندارمذگان مبارک

روز والنتاین یا سپندارمذگان

منبع: شبگردی

در ایران باستان، نه چون رومیان از سه قرن پس از میلاد، که از بیست قرن پیش از میلاد، روزی موسوم به روز عشق بوده است. در تقویم جدید ایرانی دقیقا مصادف است با ۲۹ بهمن، یعنی تنها ۳ روز پس از روز والنتاین فرنگی. این روز «سپندارمذگان» یا «اسفندارمذگان» نام داشته است.
 

در ایران باستان هر ماه را سی روز حساب می‌‌کردند و علاوه بر اینکه ماه ها اسم داشتند، هریک از روزهای ماه نیز یک نام داشتند. به‌عنوان مثال روز اول «روز اهورامزدا»، روز دوم، روز بهمن ( سلامت، اندیشه) که نخستین صفت خداوند است، روز سوم اردیبهشت یعنی «بهترین راستی و پاکی» که باز از صفات خداوند است، روز چهارم شهریور یعنی «شاهی و فرمانروایی آرمانی» که خاص خداوند است و روز پنجم «سپندارمذ» بوده است. سپندار مذ لقب ملی زمین است. یعنی گستراننده، مقدس، فروتن. زمین نماد عشق است چون با فروتنی، تواضع و گذشت به همه عشق می‌‌ورزد. زشت و زیبا را به یک چشم می‌‌نگرد و همه را چون مادری در دامان پر مهر خود امان می‌‌دهد. به همین دلیل در فرهنگ باستان اسپندارمذگان را به‌عنوان نماد عشق می‌‌پنداشتند. در هر ماه، یک بار، نام روز و ماه یکی می‌‌شده است که در همان روز که نامش با نام ماه مقارن می‌‌شد، جشنی ترتیب می‌‌دادند متناسب با نام آن روز و ماه. مثلاً شانزدهمین روز هر ماه مهر نام داشت و که در ماه مهر، «مهرگان» لقب می‌‌گرفت و مى بینیم که چگونه هر جشنى با معنى و مفهوم عمیق خود براى مردم شادى مى آفرید. روز آبان در ماه آبان جشن «آبان گان» است یعنى جشن ستایش آب و روز آذر در ماه آذر جشن «آذرگان» است یعنى جشن ستایش آتش و روز سپندارمزد جشن زمین و گرامیداشت مقام زن است که هر دو در کنار هم به این نام معنا مى دهند.

در این روز زنان و دختران بر تخت پادشاهى در خانه هاى خود مى نشستند و مردان و پسران خانواده از آنها اطاعت مى کردند و به آنان هدیه مى دادند.این یک یادآورى براى برادران و مردان بود تا خواهران و همسران خود را گرامى بدارند و چون یاد این جشن تا مدت ها ادامه داشت و بسیار باشکوه برگزار مى شد همواره این آزرم و احترام به زن براى مردان گوشزد مى گردید. همین طور روز پنجم هر ماه سپندارمذ یا اسفندار مذ نام داشت که در ماه دوازدهم سال که آن هم اسفندار مذ نام داشت، جشنی با همین عنوان می‌‌گرفتند.

سپندارمذگان جشن زمین و گرامی داشت عشق است که هر دو در کنار هم معنا پیدا می‌‌کردند. در این روز زنان به شوهران خود با محبت هدیه می‌‌دادند. مردان نیز زنان و دختران را بر تخت شاهی نشانده، به آنها هدیه داده و از آنها اطاعت می‌‌کردند.

ملت ایران از جمله ملت هایی است که زندگی اش با جشن و شادمانی پیوند فراوانی داشته است، به مناسبت های گوناگون جشن می‌‌گرفتند و با سرور و شادمانی روزگار می‌‌گذرانده اند. این جشن ها نشان دهنده فرهنگ، نحوه زندگی، خلق و خوی، فلسفه حیات و کلاً جهان‌بینی ایرانیان باستان است
 

---

درسته ربطی به موضوع وبلاگ من نداره ولی خواستم این مطلب رو پابلیش کنم تا ...

احتیاج به همکار جهت پابلیش مطلب در ال ال ای

سلام دوستان عزیز

از عزیزانی که مایلند و میتوانند خواهشمندم که با من همکاری کنند البته در نوشتن این وبلاگ

لازم نیس حتما دانشجو یا فارغ التحصیل  زبان انگلیسی باشن.اگه میتونین هفته ای یکبار یه مطلب درباره زبان هر چی میتونه باشه یه داستان یه شعر یه نکته گرامری ...

هر چی فقط در رابطه با زبان انگلیسی باشه.

اگرکسی مایله از طریق وبلاگم به من ایمیل بده و اسم و رشته تحصیلی و اطلاعاتی در باره اینکه چگونه انگلیسی یاد گرفته رو بگه.

مرسی.

Thanks in advnce.